A diminutive member of the Edaphosauridae, as well as one of the earliest Synapsids; Ianthasaurus is known from Late Carboniferous rocks of central/west USA. It was smaller and more lightly built than the larger, later Edaphosaurs such as Edaphosaurus and Gordodon. Ianthasaurus was also adapted for an insectivorous diet; indicated by its pointed, peg-like teeth. Ianthasaurus would have lived alongside a variety of other tetrapods, such as Limnoscelis and Eryops; serving as potential prey to these larger carnivores.